Sea

This article is about the body of water. For Schools of Engineering and Applied Science, see SEAS.

For the three letter acronym, see SEA.

For the ancient Jewish unit of volume, see Seah (unit).

Sea as seen from jetty in Frankston, Australia

Look up maritime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Look up sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A sea is either a large expanse of saline water connected with an ocean, or a large, usually saline, lake that lacks a natural outlet such as the Caspian Sea and the Dead Sea. The term is used colloquially as synonymous with ocean, as in "the tropical sea" or "down to the sea shore", or even "sea water" to refer to water of the ocean. Large lakes, such as the Great Lakes, are sometimes referred to as inland seas. Many seas are marginal seas, in which currents are caused by ocean winds; others are mediterranean seas, in which currents are caused by differences in salinity and temperature.

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is the world authority when it comes to defining seas. The current defining document is the Special publication S-23, Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition, 1953. The second edition dated back to 1937, and the first to 1928. A fourth edition draft was published in 1986 but so far several naming disputes (such as the one over the Sea of Japan) have prevented its ratification.

Contents [hide] 1 List of seas (by ocean) 1.1 Atlantic Ocean 1.2 Arctic Ocean 1.3 Indian Ocean 1.4 Pacific Ocean 1.5 Southern Ocean 1.6 Landlocked seas 2 Ambiguous terminology 3 Extraterrestrial seas 4 Science 5 See also

List of seas (by ocean)

Atlantic Ocean Argentine Sea Baffin Bay Gulf of St. Lawrence Bay of Fundy Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico Sargasso Sea† North Sea Chesapeake Bay Baltic Sea Central Baltic Sea Gulf of Bothnia Bay of Bothnia Bothnian Sea Gulf of Finland Sea of the Hebrides Irish Sea Celtic Sea English Channel Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Mirtoon Sea Sea of Crete Thracian Sea Alboran Sea Marmara Sea

Black Sea Sea of Azov Catalan Sea Ionian Sea Ligurian Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Gulf of Sidra Arctic Ocean Hudson Bay James Bay Barents Sea Kara Sea Beaufort Sea Amundsen Gulf Greenland Sea Norwegian Sea Chukchi Sea Laptev Sea East Siberian Sea White Sea Lincoln Sea Indian Ocean Red Sea Gulf of Aden Persian Gulf Gulf of Oman

Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Andaman Sea Timor Sea Pacific Ocean Chilean Sea Bering Sea Gulf of Alaska Salish Sea Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez) Sea of Okhotsk Sea of Japan Seto Inland Sea East China Sea South China Sea Sulu Sea Celebes Sea Bohol Sea (Mindanao Sea) Philippine Sea Camotes Sea Flores Sea Banda Sea Arafura Sea Timor Sea Tasman Sea Yellow Sea Bohai Sea Coral Sea

† Not listed in IHO S-23 4th ed.

Ambiguous terminology

Some bodies of water that are called "seas" are not actually seas; there are also some seas that are not called "seas". The following is an incomplete list of such potentially confusing names.

• The Sea of Galilee is a small freshwater lake with a natural outlet, which is properly called Lake Tiberias or Lake Kinneret on modern Israeli maps, but its archaic name remains in use.
• The Sea of Cortez is more commonly known as the Gulf of California.
• The Persian Gulf is a sea.
• The Dead Sea is actually a lake, as is the Caspian Sea.

Extraterrestrial seas

See also Oceans Beyond Earth

Lunar maria are vast basaltic plains on the Moon that were thought to be bodies of water by early astronomers, who referred to them as "seas".

Liquid water may have existed on the surface of Mars in the distant past, and several basins on Mars have been proposed as dry sea beds. The largest is Vastitas Borealis; others include Hellas Planitia and Argyre Planitia.

Liquid water is thought to be present under the surface of several moons, most notably Europa.

Liquid hydrocarbons are thought to be present on the surface of Titan, though it may be more accurate to describe them as "lakes" rather than "seas".

Science

The term "sea" has also been used in quantum physics. Dirac sea is an interpretation of the negative energy states that comprises the vacuum.